Electrical devices and its effective use

At the moment, almost all people want to learn to save electricity in everyday life.Energy saving in everyday life is popularly considerable, since it does not require special investments, but it can save significantly

Electric tariffs are constantly growing.That is why many people try to limit their costs.Now there are a lot of special information that will help comply with the elementary rules of the energy consumption culture.If you are interested, you can read compensation for reactive power.

Savings in the lighting of public places

In general, to solve such a problem, you must establish the movement sensors.They will help include lighting only in the required period.If these devices are covered at the entrance, then remember that your home can save a significant amount of funds.If necessary, you can also significantly keep your funds.To perform this process, you must install a semiconductor diode on a cable breakdown.

Now the diode must be placed in the disjunctr.The diode will carry out a certain amount of electricity through itself.The voltage will be reduced significantly and, consequently, can significantly save its funds.

Electricity savings when using appliances

Electricity in everyday life represents 9-10% of all the necessary energy.And although when using domestic electrical engineering, the possibilities of energy conservation (compared to heating and hot water) are limited, but according to the invoices he paid, he will see that this type of energy is relative to the roads.When buying domestic electrical engineering, pay attention to energy consumption, compare several models and manufacturers.

In a family of 4 people 1/5 of electricity, it will take care of things and clothes.The use of modern technology and a change in our habits will save up to 40% of electricity.

Energy savings in the kitchen

If you plan to use an electric tea, then it is not necessary to fill it until the end.Water must be poured into such quantities that is enough for a certain period.This must be done so that the teapot does not use additional electricity.If you plan to use an electric stove, you must remember that to save a significant tool you must choose dishes that completely correspond to the plate size.If you are interested, you can also read about energy saving thermostats.

The main directions of energy conservation in everyday life

Depending on the climatic conditions, the type and size of the housing, the heating systems, the availability of gas, the specific measures destined to save resources can vary.But the main directions to increase energy efficiency in everyday life are:

• Heat savingsIsolation of walls, ceilings and basements.Replacement of windows and doors with a new plastic of metal or sealing old, sealing cracks and holes.Installation behind the aluminum paper heating battery or heat reflecting screen.Replacement of cast iron radiators with bimetallic or aluminum.Loggia and Balcone Charzo.All measures in the complex will help increase the temperature in the room by 4-5 degrees without increasing the cost of the Coiner Embir.
• Saving water.Installation of the measurement device consumed water.Rotating crane replacement in mixers with lever switches.Checking and repairing the drain tank in the toilet, installation of a two -scenes tank.With less often, take a bath, use more a shower.Do not turn on water with a complete current without much need.By shaving and brushing your teeth, close the crane.Use the dishwasher and the washing machine with a relatively complete load.In general, it is possible to reduce water flow 3-4 times.
• Gas savings.With individual gas heating, all measures destined to keep heat and hot water automatically lead to gas saving.When cooking, it is rational to use modern stainless steel dishes with a polished background.All dishes must be clean and even correspond to the size of the burner.Check the adjacent density of the oven door so that the hot air does not come out.The cost reduction perspective is 2-3 times.

Energy saving lighting devices

In general, apartments that have long runners use lighting that constantly burns.To start saving, you need to wear incandescent energy savings lamps.These lamps have a long guarantee and, therefore, can definitely save significant funds.If you plan to choose high quality lamps, then you must choose a good manufacturer.

In addition, if you plan to save significant funds, then you must use only light tapestry paper.Try not to neglect natural light at home.

Energy consumption in everyday life: Where can I save?

Of all the energy consumption in everyday life, the participation of the lion: 79% is destined to heating the premises, 15% of the energy is spent on heat processes (water heating, cooking, etc.), 5% of the energy consumes electrical appliances and 1% of energy is consumed for lighting, radio and television.

What is 1 kW of energy?

You will need 1 kW of energy for:

• 50 hours to listen to the radio;
• 110 hours shave with an electric eyebrow;
• For 17 hours, leave a 60 -watt light burning;
• 12 hours watch a color television;
• 2 -hour vacuum cleaner;
• Take a 5 -minute shower;
• Hot at 6 degrees a full water bath (150 L).

Safe work with electricity in everyday life

Electricity has been serving for almost two centuries for almost two centuries, and from year to year its role in the life of a modern person has constantly increased.We can also bold that currently electricity has penetrated almost all the most important spheres of modern society.

The generalized use of electrical energy is associated, in the first place, with a simple mechanism to turn it into other types of energy.With the help of a variety of types of heating devices, a person manages to receive thermal energy for cooking or to heat the facilities.In lighting devices, electricity becomes light and, with the help of an electric motor, we easily convert the energy of electricity into mechanical energy.

But with all this, it is necessary to constantly remember that behind the harmless visible and the simplicity of electrical energy, a significant threat to human life and health can be hidden.By using several mechanisms to convert electricity, one should not forget for a minute about the fulfillment of the precautions and safe work methods into electrical circuits and with appliances included in these circuits.

It significantly complicates the situation that the electric current is not possible to see.We can detect the presence of electric current in the driver only with the help of measurement devices specially designed for these purposes.

Therefore, the first condition for the correct use of electric power must be the mandatory compliance with the elementary rules and techniques to work safely with it.The study of the causes of electumatism in everyday life indicates that these causes are not in great variety and do not change for several decades.

The main causes of electumatism in everyday life are:

• violation of elementary rules and methods of electricity work;
• defective appliance operation;
• Careless management of electrical installations in the personal plot;
• Attempts to repair the electrical equipment and electrical wiring by people who do not have the necessary skills and grades.

It is necessary to remember the various of the most general rules, whose observance will allow you to protect yourself from all kinds of problems that often arise during the operation of appliances:

1. Very often, the cause of the electric shock is to destroy the isolation of the electrical wiring (or electroshnuers) in the accessible places to touch them.For this reason, it is necessary to periodically perform an external inspection of the electrical wiring and verify the insulation resistance of its cables, and if the insulation violation is detected, take the most urgent measures to restore it.
2. All electrical circuits must be protected from short circuits and overloads using automatic circuit switches or soft inserts installed in the corresponding lines (in the distribution shields of the house or apartment).The current facilities of these devices must be calibrated so that the protection devices are activated in currents that exceed the established values.
3. The operation of apartment electrical networks is only possible with completely useful installation elements (plugs, distribution boxes, switches, etc.).
4. The cables of the network of domestic appliances in places of damage or decomposition of the conductive nuclei can be very hot, which is often the cause of the fire of the cables.Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the service capacity of the cables and forks of the network cables.
5. Before repairing the failed electrical device, it is necessary to turn off this electrical device of the network.But the most optimal solution in this case will be the invitation of a qualified specialist who will quickly and efficiently eliminate malfunction.
6. It is necessary to monitor with great care the presence of protective ground connection of all the metal parts and housings of electrical installations.The protective ground connection will reliably protect it from the electric shock in case of violation of the electrical wiring insulation and when the network voltage appears in the electrical devices box.

Chronology of the practical use of electricity

Almost at the same time, the theory of electricity begins the history of the practical application of electricity.In 1809, English Delaru was building the first incandescent lamp with a tungsten thread.But this lamp differs from modern incandescent lamps, such as a cart wheel of the cans of the boats.

65 years passed until July 11, 1874, Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin did not patent the first incandescent lamp in a vacuum flask.In general, in this 19th century, the lamps were invented as "hot cakes."

This is the Didrichson lamp (the improved Lodygin lamp) and the Yablochkov candle (the first lamp in which it was not necessary to maintain the distance between the electrodes) and the Edison lamp with an incandescent platinum thread in 1879. By the way, Edison was the first to invent (patented) a switch.

But platinum threads could not have much use after Lodygin in 1890 in 1890 of the incandescent threads of refractory materials: molybdenum and tungsten.Tungsten threads still illuminate most of humanity.

The industrial production of incandescent lamps began in 1905. Industrial production was made possible on the basis of patent No. 34541 of two Hungarian: Sandora Eustor and Frano Hanaman in 1904.

The practical use of electricity applies not only to the lighting of houses and streets.CA transformers are created, electric motors are created, first that they work in a direct current, then asynchronous motors of alternating current.

But the basis of the basic use of electricity is the development or production of electric current with electrical stations.The first energy station was an electric generator of the transforming energy of a steam machine in electricity.

At first, electric generators provided electricity for separate factories, workshops.In 1880, the first electric power plants began to be built.The first power plant was built in 1882 in New York under the leadership of Edison himself.

Saving with the help of reasonable self -control can be significant amounts of money.Let's think about some simple but effective methods of energy conservation in everyday life.

Heat savings

The isolation of the windows and doors blocks allows you to increase the temperature in apartments and houses at 4-5 ° C and leave the electric heater, which consumes up to 4000 kW ∙ h during the season.There are several simple forms of isolation:

• Cracks of cracks in the frames and doors of the windows.For this, assembly foams, self -expressed sealing tapes, silicone and acrylic sealants, etc. are used.The result is an increase in air temperature in the room in 1-2 degrees;
• Sealing the narthex of windows and doors with the help of several self -adhesive seals and joints.The window seal takes place not only around the perimeter, but also among the frames.The result is an increase in room temperature in 1-3 degrees;
• Installation of new plastic or wood windows with multiple cameras double -cane windows, glass with films and fans of heat reflecting.Then, the temperature in the room will be stable in winter and in summer, the fresh air, the need to periodically open the window will disappear, throwing a large volume of hot air.The result is an increase in temperature in the room in 2-5 degrees and a decrease in the street noise level;
• Installation of the second door at the entrance of the apartment (house).The result is an increase in temperature in the room in 1-2 degrees, a decrease in the level of external noise and gas content;
• Installation of a reflective heat screen (or aluminum foil) on the wall behind the heating radiator.The result is an increase in temperature in the room in 1 grade.Try not to close the radiators with dense curtains, screens, furniture: heat will be distributed more efficiently in the room.Replace cast iron radiators with aluminum: their heat transfer is 40-50% higher.If radiators are installed taking into account convenient extraction, it is possible to rinse them regularly, which also helps increase heat transfer.Balcony or Lodge acrystalating is equivalent to installing an additional window.This creates a thermal buffer with an intermediate 10 ° C temperature higher than in the street, in severe frost.It is not uncommon when there is a problem not with lack of heat, but with its excess.The solution will be the installation of thermostat in radiators.

Electric power savings

Replace ordinary incandescent lamps with LED.Its useful life is 20 times more than the incandescent lamp, consumption is 8 times lower.During the operation, the light is paid 8-10 times.Use local lamps when there is no need for general lighting.Take a rule, leaving the room, extinguish the light.Disconnect the devices that are in waiting mode for a long time.TVS, computer, waiting music centers consume energy from 3 to 10 w ∙ h.During the year, this equipment, including the chargers that remain in the plugs, will give additional energy consumption of 200-300 kWh.

Use the energy efficiency technique at least A. Additional energy consumption for domestic devices of obsolete structures is approximately 50%.

Do not install the refrigerator next to a gas stove or a heating radiator.This increases energy consumption in a refrigerator by 20-30%.The refrigerator seal must be clean and well adjusted to the body and door.Even a small space in the seal increases energy consumption by 20-30%.Cool ambient temperature products before their location in the refrigerator.Do not forget to defrost the refrigerator more frequently

Do not close the refrigerator radiator, leave the space between the wall of the room and the rear wall of the refrigerator so that it can cool freely.

If you have an electric stove in your kitchen, make sure your burners are not deformed and strongly adjacent to the bottom of the warmed dishes.This will eliminate excessive heat and electricity consumption.

Do not turn on the stove in advance and turn it off before what is necessary to prepare the dish.Boil in an electric totera the greatest amount of water as you need to use.

Use light colors when decorating the walls of the apartment.Light walls, light curtains, clean windows, a reasonable number of colors reduce lighting costs by 10-15%.

Write electricity meters readings and analyze how to reduce electricity consumption.

Turn off or transfer the computer to sleep mode if there is no need for constant operation.With the continuous work of the current, the computer consumes 70–120 kW ∙ h per month.If necessary, the continuous operation is more efficient to use a laptop or a computer with reduced energy consumption.In general, it is very possible to reduce electricity consumption by 40-50% without reducing the quality of life and damage to habits.

Save water

Be sure to install water meters.This will motivate to reduce water flow.Install the lever switches on the taps instead of the rotating cranes.Water savings will be 10-15% plus convenience in temperature selection.Do not turn on water for full pressure.In 90% of cases, a small stream is sufficient, water consumption is reduced 4-5 times.When washing and drinking a shower, turn off the water when necessary.The shower takes 10-20 times less water to accept the bathroom.A significant savings in water are produced when two threshold drainage tanks are used.It is necessary to carefully verify the presence of water leak from the drain tank, which occurs due to old accessories.Replace accessories is not a very expensive event, but water savings are significant.Through a thin current of leaks, you can lose several cubic meters of water per month.In general, a reduction in water consumption is 4 times: the task is quite performed and low cost.

Gas savings

Gas savings are mainly relevant if gas meters are installed in the apartments, there are individual heating points.In this case, all measures to save heat and hot water lead to gas savings.When cooking, there are also opportunities to save gas:

• The burner flame should not go beyond the bottom of the pan, the pans, the teapot, otherwise simply heat the air in the apartment (saving 50% or more);
• The deformed background of the dishes leads to an excessive gas up to 50%;
• The dishes in which the food is prepared must be clean and not buried.Contaminated dishes require 4-6 times more cooking gas;
• Use economic dishes, these qualities generally indicate your manufacturer.The most energetic economic products are made of stainless steel with a polished background, especially with a layer of copper or aluminum.Aluminum dishes, enamel, with Teflon coating is not economical;
• The oven door must fit firmly in the body of the plate and not release hot air.In general, simply economic use of gas gives a reduction in its consumption in 2 times, the use of the proposed measures, approximately 3 times.

Energy efficiency for modern society is an axiom.The economic use of heat, electricity, water and gas allows you to reduce your own costs and improve the environmental situation on the planet as a whole.

Conclusion

The relatively non -long, but fast development of the practical use of electricity, is, without a doubt, the greatest achievement of humanity.But it doesn't matter what the great power plants work in our country, all of them where there is far.For the consumer, the main and the family are the electrician of their apartment and home.How to make electrical wiring in an apartment and a house, which electrical networks are used for domestic needs, how to produce electrical equipment, how to repair an electrician with their own hands.